Acids and Bases

Acids and bases are important concepts in chemistry. They are found in many everyday substances and have a wide range of uses.

Definitions

An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) in a chemical reaction. Acids have a sour taste and can be corrosive.

A base, also known as an alkali, is a substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in a chemical reaction. Bases have a bitter taste and are slippery to the touch.

pH Scale

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, lower numbers indicating acidity, and higher numbers indicating alkalinity.

Common Acids and Bases

Common acids include citric acid (found in citrus fruits), hydrochloric acid (found in the stomach), and acetic acid (found in vinegar). Common bases include sodium hydroxide (found in drain cleaners), ammonia (found in cleaning products), and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).

Acid-Base Reactions

When an acid and a base react, they form water and a salt. This type of reaction is called a neutralization reaction.

Study Guide

1. Define an acid and give an example of a common acid.
2. Define a base and give an example of a common base.
3. Explain the pH scale and how it is used to measure acidity and alkalinity.
4. Describe what happens when an acid and a base react.
5. Identify household items that are acids and bases.