Rocks

Rocks are solid mineral materials forming the outermost shell of the earth and other planets. They are composed of one or more minerals and can be classified into three main types based on the way they are formed: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock material, either below the earth's surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive). Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and obsidian.

Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral and organic particles. They are often found in layers and may contain fossils. Examples of sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, and shale.

Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks are formed from the alteration of pre-existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or chemically reactive fluids. This process results in the formation of new minerals and textures. Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble, slate, and schist.

Study Guide

1. What are the three main types of rocks and how are they formed?
2. Give examples of each type of rock and describe their characteristics.
3. Explain the rock cycle and how each type of rock can transform into another.
4. Discuss the importance of rocks in various industries and everyday life.
5. Identify and classify different rocks based on their physical properties.

By understanding the formation and characteristics of rocks, we can gain insights into the geological history of the Earth and the processes that shape its surface.

Good luck with your studies!