Work and Machines

What is Work?

Work is done when a force is applied to an object and the object moves in the direction of the force.

Calculating Work

The formula for calculating work is:

Work (W) = Force (F) x Distance (d) x cos(θ)

Where θ is the angle between the force and the direction of motion.

Types of Simple Machines

There are six types of simple machines:

Lever
Wheel and Axle
Pulley
Inclined Plane
Wedge
Screw

How Machines Make Work Easier

Machines make work easier by changing the size or direction of a force or the distance over which a force is applied.

Calculating Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical Advantage (MA) is the ratio of the output force to the input force in a machine. It can be calculated using the formula:

MA = Output Force (OF) / Input Force (IF)

Examples of Work and Machines in Everyday Life

Examples of work and machines in everyday life include using a ramp to move heavy objects, using a pulley to lift a heavy load, and using a screw to hold objects together.

◂Science Worksheets and Study Guides Third Grade. Work and machines

Vocabulary/Answer key

Work and machines

The resources above cover the following skills:

Concepts of Physical Science (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4)

The student demonstrates an understanding of motions, forces, their characteristics, relationships, and effects by recognizing that objects can be moved without being touched (e.g., using magnets, falling objects, static electricity).

Concepts of Physical Science: A student should understand and be able to apply the concepts, models, theories, universal principles, and facts that explain the physical world. A student who meets the content standard should:

Develop an understanding of motions, forces, their characteristics and relationships, and natural forces and their effects.