Maryland Standards 2nd Grade ELA Activities

MD.1.0. General Reading Processes

1.B. Students will apply their knowledge of letter/sound relationships and word structure to decode unfamiliar words.

1.B.1. Identify letters and their corresponding sounds

1.B.1.a. Identify digraphs, such as ch, ph, sh, th, and wh

1.B.1.b. Identify diphthongs, such as oy, ow, ay

1.B.2. Decode words in grade-level texts

1.B.2.b. Break compound words, contractions, and inflectional endings into known parts

1.B.2.c. Identify and apply vowel patterns to read words, such as CVC, CVCE, CVVC

1.B.2.d. Read blends fluently, such as spl, str

1.C. Students will read orally with accuracy and expression at a rate that sounds like speech.

1.C.2. Read grade-level text accurately

1.C.2.c. Use word context clues (meaning), sentence structure (syntax), and visual clues to guide self-correction

1.C.2.d. Read sight words automatically

1.C.3. Read grade-level text with expression

1.C.3.a. Demonstrate appropriate use of phrasing when reading both familiar and unfamiliar text

1.C.3.a.2. Use intonation (emphasis on certain words) to convey meaning

1.D. Students will use a variety of strategies and opportunities to understand word meaning and to increase vocabulary.

1.D.1. Develop and apply vocabulary through exposure to a variety of texts

1.D.1.d. Make inferences about the meaning of a word based on its use in a sentence

1.D.1.e. Identify simple multiple meaning words

1.D.2. Develop a conceptual understanding of new words

1.D.2.a. Classify and categorize words into sets and groups, such as animals, adult/baby

1.D.2.b. Identify and explain common antonyms, synonyms, and homophones to increase vocabulary skills

1.D.2.c. Identify and correctly use new words acquired through study of their relationship to other words

1.D.3. Understand, acquire, and use new vocabulary

1.D.3.a. Determine the meaning of unknown words

1.D.3.a.2. Use context clues

1.D.3.c. Use word structure to determine meanings of words

1.D.3.c.1. Prefixes

1.D.3.c.2. Suffixes

1.D.3.c.3. Root/base words

1.D.3.d. Use resources to determine meaning of unknown words

1.D.3.d.1. Dictionaries

1.D.3.d.2. Textbook glossaries

1.D.3.d.3. Thesauruses

1.E. Students will use a variety of strategies to understand what they read (construct meaning).

1.E.1. Develop comprehension skills through exposure to a variety of print and non-print texts, including traditional print and electronic texts

1.E.1.a. Listen to, read, and discuss texts representing diversity in content, culture, authorship, and perspective, including areas, such as race, gender, disability, religion, and socio-economic background

1.E.2. Use strategies to prepare for reading (before reading)

1.E.2.b. Make predictions or ask questions about the text by examining the title, cover, illustrations/photographs/text, and familiar author or topic

1.E.2.c. Set a purpose for reading and identify type of text (fiction or nonfiction)

1.E.3. Use strategies to make meaning from text (during reading)

1.E.3.a. Recall and discuss what they understand

1.E.3.e. Make, confirm, or adjust predictions

1.E.3.g. Periodically summarize while reading

1.E.3.i. Look back through the text to search for connections between and among ideas

1.E.4. Use strategies to demonstrate understanding of the text (after reading)

1.E.4.a. Review/restate and explain what the text is mainly about

1.E.4.b. Identify and explain what is directly stated in the text (details, literal meaning)

1.E.4.c. Identify and explain what is not stated in the text (implied or inferential meaning)

1.E.4.d. Summarize the text orally

1.E.4.e. Confirm, refute, or make predictions to form new ideas

1.E.4.h. Retell explicit and implicit main ideas of texts

MD.2.0. Comprehension of Informational Text

2.A.1. Develop comprehension skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned informational texts

2.A.1.a. Read and recognize nonfiction materials to gain information and content knowledge

2.A.1.a.1. Textbooks

2.A.1.a.5. Articles

2.A.1.b. Read and identify functional documents

2.A.1.b.1. Sets of directions

2.A.1.b.2. Science investigations

2.A.1.b.6. Invitations

2.A.1.b.7. Menus

2.A.1.b.8. Maps

2.A.1.b.9. Recipes

2.A.2. Identify and use text features to facilitate understanding of informational texts

2.A.2.a. Use print features

2.A.2.a.8. Numbered steps

2.A.2.b. Use graphic aids

2.A.2.b.3. Photographs

2.A.2.b.5. Maps

2.A.2.b.6. Graphs

2.A.2.b.7. Charts/tables

2.A.2.b.8. Diagrams

2.A.2.c. Use informational aids

2.A.2.c.2. Timelines

2.A.2.c.4. Glossed words

2.A.2.c.6. Numbered steps

2.A.2.d. Use organizational aids when reading

2.A.2.d.2. Table of contents

2.A.2.d.3. Numbered steps

2.A.2.d.4. Glossary

2.A.3. Develop knowledge of organizational structure of informational text to understand what is read

2.A.3.a. Distinguish between fiction and nonfiction text

2.A.3.d. Recognize cause/effect relationships

2.A.3.g. Recognize and use main idea and supporting details

2.A.4. Determine important ideas and messages in informational texts

2.A.4.a. Identify the author's/text's purpose

2.A.4.b. Identify main ideas/messages

2.A.4.c. Identify information not related to the main idea

2.A.4.d. Draw conclusions and generalizations from text to form new understanding

2.A.4.e. Distinguish between a fact and an opinion

2.A.4.f. Identify how someone might use the text

2.A.4.g. Summarize the text or a portion of the text

2.A.4.h. Identify prior knowledge that clarifies the main idea of the text

2.A.6. Read critically to evaluate informational text

2.A.6.a. State whether the text fulfills the reading purpose

2.A.6.b. Explain what the author could have done to make the text easier to understand

2.A.6.c. Explain whether the author's ideas are clear

MD.3.0. Comprehension of Literary Text

3.A.1. Develop comprehension skills by reading a variety of self-selected and assigned literary texts

3.A.1.c. Identify characteristics of, different types of fictional literary texts, such as plays, poems, stories (folktales, fairy tales, fantasy, fables, realistic fiction, and historical fiction)

3.A.2. Use text features to facilitate understanding of literary texts

3.A.2.a. Identify and explain how the title contributes to meaning

3.A.2.b. Identify and explain how text features, such as illustrations, punctuation, and print features, contribute to meaning

3.A.3. Use elements of narrative texts to facilitate understanding

3.A.3.b. Identify the setting and explain its importance to the story

3.A.3.c. Identify the main character(s) and explain their importance in the story

3.A.3.d. Identify characters' actions, motives, emotions, traits, and feelings

3.A.3.e. Identify and explain relationships between and among characters, setting, and events

3.A.4. Use elements of poetry to facilitate understanding

3.A.4.a. Identify the structure, shape, and form of a variety of poetic texts, including their lines and stanzas

3.A.4.b. Analyze the meaning of words, lines and stanzas

3.A.4.c. Identify and use sound elements of poetry, such as rhyme, no rhyme, and rhythm

3.A.5. Use elements of drama to facilitate understanding

3.A.5.a. Identify the structure of a play, including characters, costumes, dialogue, and scenery

3.A.6. Determine important ideas and messages in literary texts

3.A.6.a. Recognize the main idea or message of the text

3.A.6.d. Summarize the text

MD.4.0. Writing

4.A.1. Compose texts using the prewriting and drafting strategies of effective writers and speakers

4.A.1.a. Generate ideas and topics and make a plan before writing

4.A.1.b. Write a first draft with a main idea and supporting details

4.A.1.c. Organize related ideas into a simple paragraph

4.A.2. Compose oral, written, and visual presentations that express personal ideas, inform, and persuade

4.A.2.a. Write to express personal ideas using a variety of forms, such as journals, narratives, letters, and reports

4.A.3. Compose texts using the revising and editing strategies of effective writers and speakers

4.A.3.a. Improve writing by

4.A.3.a.2. Adding ideas

4.A.3.b. Proofread and edit writing for

4.A.3.b.1. Complete sentences

4.A.3.b.2. Capitalization at the beginning of sentences

4.A.3.b.3. Capitalization of proper nouns

4.A.3.b.4. Punctuation at the end of sentences

4.A.3.b.5. Commas with dates, salutations, and closing, and items in a series

4.A.3.b.6. Apostrophes in contractions

4.A.3.b.7. Quotation marks in simple dialogue

4.A.4. Identify how language choices in writing and speaking affect thoughts and feelings

4.A.4.a. Use colorful language to convey thoughts and feelings in formal and informal writing

4.A.4.b. Acquire and use new vocabulary

4.A.6. Explain how textual changes in a work clarify meaning or fulfill a purpose

4.A.6.a. Revise own text for word choice

MD.5.0. Controlling Language

5.A.1. Identify and use grammar concepts and skills that strengthen oral and written language

5.A.1.a. Identify and use various parts of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adjectives

5.A.1.c. Identify and use verb forms, such as helping verbs

5.A.1.d. Identify and use verb tenses, such as present, past, and future

5.B.1. Recognize examples of conventional USAge in personal and academic reading

5.B.2. Comprehend and apply standard English USAge in oral and written language

5.B.2.a. Recognize and use correct subject/verb agreement and noun/pronoun agreement

5.B.2.b. Recognize and use consistent and appropriate verb tenses, such as past, present, and future

5.C.2. Comprehend and apply Standard English punctuation and capitalization in written language

5.C.2.a. Use periods and other end punctuation

5.C.2.b. Use commas correctly in dates, addresses, salutations and closings, and items in a series

5.C.2.c. Use apostrophes in contractions

5.C.2.d. Use capital letters to identify proper nouns and to begin sentences

5.D.1. Apply conventional spelling in written language

5.D.1.a. Spell non-phonetic high frequency words

5.D.1.b. Spell phonetically regular high frequency words

5.D.1.c. Spell grade level appropriate pattern words

5.D.1.d. Spell two syllable words that follow regular spelling patterns, including compound words

5.D.1.e. Spell words with simple prefixes and suffixes

5.D.1.f. Represent all sounds in a word when attempting unknown words

MD.6.0. Listening

6.A.2. Comprehend and analyze what is heard

6.A.2.b. Identify rhythms and patterns of language, including alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhyme, and repetition