2nd Grade Science. Virginia Standards of Learning Virginia Standards of Learning

Virginia Standards of Learning for Second Grade Science

Earth yesterday and todayLife on Earth Has Changed. Many kinds of animals that used to live on Earth are no longer living. They are extinct. Reasons for Extinction: Big changes in the climate. Many times animals could not handle these big changes in the weather. Good news: Many animals have adapted to many changes that happen on Earth so that they CAN survive and NOT become extinct! Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 1

Moon, star and planetsThe moon moves around the Earth. A star is a hot ball of gas, stars give off light. The Sun is a star. Read more...iWorksheets: 4Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 2

The sun and earthThe Sun is a large hot ball of gas. It is also a star. The Sun gives Earth light and heat. Living things need the Sun to live! Sun rays shine on the moon at night which makes the moon bright! The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. There are four seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall. Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 1

All about sound and lightHow is Sound Made? Sound is made because of something vibrating. You hear sounds when vibrating air causes your eardrum to vibrate. How Are Sounds Different? How Does Sound Travel? How Do People and Animals Make Sounds? What is Light? Light is also a form of energy. Light is energy that travels at very high speeds. Where Does Light Come From? Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 1

Objects in motionWhat is force? A force is a push or pull that can make something move. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 2

AnimalsFreeThere are many different kinds of animals. The five main groups of animals are: Fish, birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 1

Energy needsWhat is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work. Energy is what allows living things and objects to do things. Different Kinds of Energy are: Heat Energy, Energy of Motion, Light Energy, Sound Energy, Electricity or Electrical Energy. Some Sources of Energy are: The Sun, A candle, A stove, Food. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1

Mammals and birdsWhat are Birds? Birds are warm-blooded animals that have: wings, feathers, a beak, no teeth, bones. Birds lay eggs. Their young hatch from those eggs. What Are Mammals? Mammals are animals that have hair. Mammals are the only animals with hair. Mammals are also warm-blooded. This means their body temperature stays the same, even if it is very cold or hot outside. Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 1

Reptiles, amphibians and fishReptiles have scales. Reptiles are born on land. Reptiles are cold-blooded which means their bodies change temperatures with the outside temperature around them. Reptiles lay eggs, and their babies hatch from those eggs. All amphibians begin their life in water with gills. As they grow, they develop lungs – which is what they use to breathe with on land. They grow legs to use on land too. Fish use gills to breathe. A fish stays in the water for its entire life! Read more...iWorksheets: 5Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 1

What is science?Science is the study of the world around us. Scientists study the world around us. When studying things like plants, animals, and rocks, scientists use their senses: Eyes - to see. Nose - to smell. Ears - to hear. Hands - to touch. Mouth - to taste. Scientists study many things – like the things YOU study in 2nd grade: plants, rocks, weather, fossils, solar system, animals. Read more...iWorksheets: 3Study Guides: 1Vocabulary Sets: 1

VA.2. Virginia 2010 Science Standards of Learning

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION, REASONING, AND LOGIC

2.1. The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific reasoning, logic, and the nature of science by planning and conducting investigations in which

2.1.a) Observations and predictions are made and questions are formed.

Hands-on Lab Skills/Science Inquiry - 3rd gradeScience Process Skills: Observing, Classifying, Estimating, Predicting/Hypothesis, Making Inferences, Models, Investigating, Collecting Data, Interpreting Data. Scientific Method: Ask a question, Write an Hypothesis, Create a control variable, Conduct an Experiment, Record Your Data, Decide Your Final Answer, State Your Final Answer. Science Tools. Safety in Science. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Hands-on lab skills/Science InquiryPredictions Based on Patterns. Scientists often make predictions based on all the things they already know are true. Predict means to tell what you think is going to happen. Scientists then test their predictions to see if they are right! Scientists often compare and sort objects based on color, shape, texture, size and weight. Scientists use a METER STICK to measure the length of an object. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

2.1.b) Observations are differentiated from personal interpretation.

2.1.d) Two or more characteristics or properties are used to classify items.

Rocks, Minerals, and soilRocks are solid material found in nature made up of minerals. A mineral is a natural material usually found in the ground. A rock has physical properties like color and composition, or what exact minerals make up the rock. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Hands-on Lab Skills/Science InquiryScientists use MANY different tools while they are observing and conducting experiments. Here are some tools scientists use: RULER, MEASURING CUP, CLOCK, HAND, LENS, THERMOMETER, BALANCE. Scientists often put objects into piles or groups based on their color, shape, texture, size and weight. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

2.1.e) Length, volume, mass, and temperature are measured in metric units and standard English units using the proper tools.

2.1.h) Data are collected and recorded, and bar graphs are constructed using numbered axes.

Math in ScienceCharts and Graphs. Studying Plants. Studying Animals. Studying Water Habitats, Studying How Living Things Grow and Change. Studying Energy Needs. Studying Earth's Weather. Studying the Sun and the Earth. Studying the Moon, Stars, and Planets. Studying Earth, Yesterday and Today. Using and Saving Natural Resources. Hands-on Lab Skills. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

2.1.i) Data are analyzed, and unexpected or unusual quantitative data are recognized.

2.1.k) Observations and data are communicated.

2.1.m) Current applications are used to reinforce science concepts.

Matter and its propertiesEverything around us is made out matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. All matter is made up of many different kinds of particles that are combined together in different ways. A property of matter is a feature, trait, or characteristic. Read more...iWorksheets :5Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Comparing matterWhat is matter? Matter is all around you. Matter is anything that takes up space. Mass is the amount of matter in an object. It is how much stuff an object is made of. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

FORCE, MOTION, AND ENERGY

2.2. The student will investigate and understand that natural and artificial magnets have certain characteristics and attract specific types of metals. Key concepts include

2.2.a) Magnetism, iron, magnetic/nonmagnetic, poles, attract/repel.

MagnetsWhat is a Magnet? Magnets attract certain kinds of metal such as iron. A magnet has two poles, a north and south pole. Its north pole is on one end and its south pole is on the other end. What do magnets do? Magnets can attract an object. Attract means to pull towards. If something is magnetic, that means it can be attracted by a magnet. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

MagnetsWhat Is a Magnet? A magnet attracts certain kinds of metal. Attract means to pull towards. If something is magnetic, that means it is attracted by a magnet. Magnets come in different shapes and sizes. Magnets are used most every day. Example: You may have magnets on your refrigerator to hang up pictures and notes. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

2.2.b) Important applications of magnetism.

MATTER

2.3. The student will investigate and understand basic properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Key concepts include

2.3.a) Identification of distinguishing characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases.

Describe and measure matterWhat is matter? Matter is all around you. Matter is anything that takes up space. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

2.3.c) Changes in phases of matter with the addition or removal of energy.

LIFE PROCESSES

2.4. The student will investigate and understand that plants and animals undergo a series of orderly changes as they mature and grow. Key concepts include

2.4.a) Animal life cycles.

How animals grow and change and liveAnimals have certain traits which help them survive in their environment. These survival traits are called adaptations. Many adaptations are inherited, which means they are passed on from the parents of animal. Many animals have adaptations for eating such as the way a bird’s beak is shaped. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

How living things grow and change?What are living things? Living things are alive! Plants, animals, and people are living things. Living things can grow. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

2.4.b) Plant life cycles.

How do plants grow?Plants need many essential things in order to grow, such as: water, air, nutrients, sunlight, and warm temperature. Plants need their space too! If a plant grows too close to other plants, it may not grow healthy and strong, because the plants may compete over the available water, nutrients, and space in the soil for their roots to grow. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

PlantsWhat are the Parts of a Plant? Let’s go from the bottom to the top: ROOTS, STEM, LEAVES, FLOWERS. Who Needs Plants? EVERYONE! Plants give off a gas called oxygen which is what we (and animals) need to breathe in to live. A plant's life cycle is how long a plant lives or how long it takes to grow, flower, and make seeds. All plants need water, air, and warm temperatures to grow. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

LIVING SYSTEMS

2.5. The student will investigate and understand that living things are part of a system. Key concepts include

2.5.a) Living organisms are interdependent with their living and nonliving surroundings.

Relationships among living thingsLiving things interact in many ways. These interactions can help, harm, or do nothing to a living thing. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Food ChainsWhat is a Food Chain? A food chain is a chain of plant and animals in which a plant or animal is eaten by the next animal on the chain. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Did you Know... 1st GradeAir is a nonliving thing. The air we breathe in is called oxygen. Herbivores are animals that only eat plants. Can you believe a HUGE dinosaur called a brachiosaurus was an herbivore? A whale is NOT a fish. It is a mammal that lives in the ocean. You have almost 10,000 taste buds in your mouth! These taste buds help you TASTE food. You can taste things that are sweet, sour, salty, and bitter! Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

How do plants and animals live together?Plants need air, water, sunlight, and room to grow in order to live. Animals need air, water, food, and shelter in order to live. What is a Shelter? It’s a safe place for an animal! Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1

2.5.b) An animal's habitat includes adequate food, water, shelter or cover, and space.

Where plants and animals liveAn environment is everything that surrounds a living thing or person. Everything that lives on Earth lives in a certain environment. Living things get everything they need to survive from their environment. An environment also includes nonliving things. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Land HabitatsWhat is a habitat? A habitat is the place where plants and animals live. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Water HabitatsWe already know that a habitat is the place where plants and animals live. Now, let’s look at WATER habitats... Water covers nearly 75% of the Earth: which means there is a lot more water than land on Earth! Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Science in our worldWhat is Technology? Technology is using science in order to solve different problems. Technology uses things we know about science to make tools for people to make doing work easier. Technology can be as simple as a hammer. Technology keeps us safe (in our houses, our cars). Technology supplies us with the things we need to live. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

2.5.c) Habitats change over time due to many influences.

Taking Care of EarthHow Can People Protect the Earth? We can use our resources wisely. That means we must use all resources carefully and not waste them. Do not waste water. Do not litter – throw trash away in a trash can. Do not put bad things in water. Bad things can pollute water. Remember the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Using and saving natural resourcesNatural resources are found on the Earth and are important to living things. People, plants, and animals need air to live. Air is a natural resource that never runs out! Water is another natural resource that people and animals use – they drink water in order to survive. Plants also need water to grow. Some natural resources are renewable. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

2.5.d) Fossils provide information about living systems that were on Earth years ago.

Fossils and dinosaursMany animals have lived on Earth and many still live on the Earth. Some lived on Earth millions of year ago. Many of these animals unfortunately do not live on Earth anymore. Fossils are things that provide evidence (or proof) of things that lived long ago. A fossil is the outline or piece of something that died millions of years ago. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

INTERRELATIONSHIPS IN EARTH/SPACE SYSTEMS

2.6. The student will investigate and understand basic types, changes, and patterns of weather. Key concepts include

2.6.a) Identification of common storms and other weather phenomena.

WeatherWhat is the weather like outside? Weather is the condition of the air outside. Weather involves many things, such as clouds, temperature, water in the air, and the wind. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

WeatherWhen someone asks, “What is the weather today?” you know what they are asking. They are asking what it is like outside. They want to know what nature is doing in your area – raining, snowing, blowing… How We Measure Weather: We measure temperature using a thermometer. A wind vane measures the direction of the wind. A rain gauge measures how much rain falls.Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Earth's weather and seasonsWhat is Weather? Weather is what it feels like outside right now: hot, cold, windy, wet... There are Four Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall. Seasons always come in the same order every year. Each season brings different weather. Winter is the coldest season and summer is the warmest. Some Kinds of Bad Weather: A thunderstorm, A blizzard, A hurricane. Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

Did you know... 2nd GradeGas is all around us. There is a layer of gas that surrounds Earth, which is called the atmosphere. Scientists who study the weather are called meteorologists. Some plants like ferns do not have flowers. They make new plants using spores instead of seeds. The cheetah is the fastest animal in the world. Cheetahs can run up to about 113 kilometers per hour. The arctic is the coldest habitat. Brrrr! Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

2.6.b) The uses and importance of measuring, recording, and interpreting weather data.

2.6.c) The uses and importance of tracking weather data over time.

EARTH PATTERNS, CYCLES, AND CHANGE

2.7. The student will investigate and understand that weather and seasonal changes affect plants, animals, and their surroundings. Key concepts include

2.7.b) Weathering and erosion of land surfaces.

Changes on earthA glacier is a slow moving large body of ice. A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust from which hot, melted rock forcefully comes out when pressure is built up inside the Earth. An earthquake is a sudden shift in the Earth’s crust that causes the ground to shake and vibrate violently. Weathering is the process of rocks being changed over time by conditions such as rain, snow, ice, pressure.Read more...iWorksheets :4Study Guides :1Vocabulary :3

Rocks, Soil and waterWhat are Rocks? Rocks are solid objects found in nature. Rocks are made up of minerals. What is Soil? Soil is the loose material the covers much of the Earth. Soil is also nonliving. Soil can be made of clay, sand, and humus. All living things need WATER to survive and to grow. The movement and recycling of the Earth’s water is called the water cycle. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :2

EARTH RESOURCES

2.8. The student will investigate and understand that plants produce oxygen and food, are a source of useful products, and provide benefits in nature. Key concepts include

2.8.a) Important plant products are identified and classified.

All about plantsWhat do plants need to grow? A plant needs: water, air, sunlight and room. How does a plant grow? A seed comes from an adult plant and falls to the ground. Once in the ground, a seed begins to grow in the soil. Roots grow from a seed down into the ground. A young plant grows up through the soil. Parts of a Plant: Roots, Stem, Leaves, Flower. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1

2.8.b) The availability of plant products affects the development of a geographic area.

2.8.c) Plants provide oxygen, homes, and food for many animals.

Where do animals live?Plants and animals live in a habitat. A habitat has all the things plants and animals need. An animal can find food in its habitat. An animal can get water from its habitat. Read more...iWorksheets :3Study Guides :1Vocabulary :1